• Introduction The burden of cardiovascular disease CVD is und

  2023-11-24

  

  Introduction The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is undisputed, accounting for approximately a third of global deaths (17.5 million people in 2012) (WHO, 2012). Atherosclerosis leads to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) which accounts for more than 40% of these deaths (WHO, 201

• In glaucoma the primary retinal defect appears in the

  2023-11-24

  

  In glaucoma, the primary retinal defect appears in the GCL, whereas the other retinal layers appear normal (Kendell et al., 1995). In the current work, chronic elevation of IOP induced RGC apoptosis, especially in the GCL, and α2 adrenergic treatment reduced RGC apoptosis. Various studies have repor

• There is a growing literature on ABCA

  2023-11-24

  

  There is a growing literature on ABCA2 expression in human biopsies, where it has been described as a potential biomarker of leukemias. In childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ABCA2 and ABCA3 were expressed at high levels, which upon treatment with methotrexate, vinblastine and doxorubicin

• In young animals the HT A receptor

  2023-11-24

  

  In young animals, the 5-HT2A Coumarin antagonist ketanserin, at relatively low concentrations, shifted 5-HT concentration-response curves rightward, suggesting a role for 5-HT2A receptors in mediating 5-HT-induced contractions of the ureter. The slopes of the ketanserin Schild plots for the antagoni

• br Adenosine receptors and innate

  2023-11-24

  

  Adenosine receptors and innate immunity Monocytes and macrophages. All four adenosine receptor subtypes are expressed on monocytes and macrophages, and their levels and function undergo significant changes during the maturation of macrophages from monocytes. Indeed, quiescent monocytes are charac

• Extracellular ATP and downstream purinergic signaling have

  2023-11-24

  

  Extracellular ATP and downstream purinergic signaling have also been proposed to contribute to dental pulp tissue healing and dentin regeneration. Mechanical and thermal stimulation of external dentin can induce ATP release in dental pulp through pannexins [13]. Cold stimulation was also reported to

• The UV vis and fluorescence spectra

  2023-11-24

  

  The UV–vis and fluorescence spectra have been used to study the interaction between small chemical molecules and biomolecules (Punith and Seetharamappa, 2012). The UV 49 9 peak of the protein changes with the microenvironment of the chromophore. That is, the peaks may show a certain degree of red s

• All scientific data over the years points that

  2023-11-23

  

  All scientific data over the years points that 5α-reductase inhibitors undoubtedly are an effective treatment for BPH and associated LUTS, having a favorable risk-benefit profile. In contrast, although some studies indicated positive results, there is still no consensus about their use in BPH or PC

• ABC super family proteins are found in all

  2023-11-23

  

  ABC super family proteins are found in all forms of life and ABC-F subfamily of proteins are involved in cellular processes such as translational control and antibiotic resistance by ribosomal protection [3], [5]. The Mtb ABC proteins that do not contain transmembrane domains have not been studied [

• The apoptosis promoting Bcl family includes

  2023-11-23

  

  The apoptosis-promoting Bcl-2 family includes BH3-only proteins (e.g., Bim, Bid and Bad) and multiple-domain proteins (e.g., Bax and Bak). At the time of apoptosis stimulation (e.g., DNA damage), only the BH3-only protein is activated, directly or indirectly promoting Bax/Bak oligomerization, changi

• Co is an essential element for life

  2023-11-23

  

  Co is an essential element for life in minute amounts [5]. The human adult contains about 1.1mg Co with the daily requirement of 0.1μg/day. Co is a component of vitamin B12. Co induces erythropoietin and blocks iodine uptake by the thyroid, controls the transfer of enzymes like homocysteine methyltr

• The reasons why antibiotic treatment may be

  2023-11-23

  

  The reasons why antibiotic treatment may be detrimental are diverse. First, it may result in disruption of multifaceted microbe–microbe, as well as microbe–host, interactions that are key for the maintenance of homeostasis within this ecosystem. This can lead to the expansion of pathogenic microorga

• br Introduction Heart Failure HF is

  2023-11-23

  

  Introduction Heart Failure (HF) is a major and growing health challenge in India and the developing countries. It is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the industrialized world. The incidence and prevalence estimates of HF are unreliable in India because of the lack of

• br STAR Methods br Author Contributions br

  2023-11-23

  

  STAR★Methods Author Contributions Acknowledgments This study is funded by National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grants NS028901 and DC004450 (to L.O.T.); N.L. Tartar Trust Fellowship (to H.-W.L.); DC014878 to T.S.B. We thank members of the Trussell lab for helpful discussions, Dr. Stephen Dav

• The specific mechanisms underlying glutamine dependency are

  2023-11-23

  

  The specific mechanisms underlying glutamine dependency are still being explored, and current research indicates that the mechanisms likely vary between breast cancer subtypes. In HER2-positive breast cancer, increased levels of the transcriptional activator PGC-1α lead to expression of genes that m

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