• The first phase of insulin secretion is due to calcium

  2022-08-24

  

  The first phase of insulin secretion is due to calcium signaling because of glucose sensing, increased cytoplasmic ATP levels, cellular depolarization, calcium influx and activation of calcium sensing molecules that eventually causes the fusion of the insulin granules to plasma membrane (exocytosis)

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction The incidence of cholangi

  2022-08-24

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction The incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a malignant tumor found in both intra- and extra-hepatic biliary epithelia [1], has been increased worldwide over the past two decades [2]. The prognosis of CCA patients are generally poor, due to the lack of early detecti

• Molecular modeling of the sGC H

  2022-08-24

  

  Molecular modeling of the sGC H-NOX domain has placed the β1-domain Cys, β1-C78 and β1-C122, close to the heme binding pocket; specifically, the β1-C78 is placed diametrically opposite to β1-H105, the residue responsible for coordinating the heme iron [42,43]. β1-C78 is enclosed in a highly Boceprev

• In diseased blood vessels increased

  2022-08-24

  

  In diseased blood vessels, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as peroxynitrite, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide, have been found [[53], [54], [55]]. Peroxynitrite was suggested to alter the redox state of sGC [53] while hydrogen peroxide interfered with the action of NO bu

• br NO GC pathway and implications for glaucoma Direct in

  2022-08-24

  

  NO-GC-1 pathway and implications for glaucoma Direct in vivo measurement of NO in the eye is not yet feasible. However, measurement of nitrate and nitrite levels are routinely used as markers for the activity of NOS and the production of NO radicals [98]. Several studies in human glaucoma patient

• One of pathogenesis of COPD is

  2022-08-24

  

  One of pathogenesis of COPD is oxidant/antioxidant imbalance. Indeed, it is well known that chronic tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for the development of COPD, and a defect in the detoxification of reactive species produced by cigarette smoke may predispose smokers to airflow obstruction and

• New follicular wave emergence is associated closely with

  2022-08-24

  

  New follicular wave emergence is associated closely with the stage of the estrous GGsTop receptor (Sirois and Fortune, 1988). As indicated by results from the present experiment, cows that had regression of the largest follicle on Day 0 of treatment onset had follicle wave characteristics that were

• muscarinic receptor antagonists Through a large scale phylog

  2022-08-24

  

  Through a large-scale phylogenetic analysis of UDG superfamily in more than 1000 completely sequenced genomes, it is shown that family 3 muscarinic receptor antagonists can be separated into two clades with the traditional family 3 SMUG1 as one of them (Fig. 1) [31]. UDG enzymes in another clade ar

• GlyRs are members of the superfamily of Cys loop receptors

  2022-08-24

  

  GlyRs are members of the superfamily of Cys-loop receptors (CLRs) [3]. They form postsynaptic pentameric receptor complexes of α1 and β subunits anchored via the scaffolding protein gephyrin [4]. GlyRs are composed of several domains with the large N-terminal extracellular domain (ECD) important for

• ICH induced striatal lesion produced a reduction of

  2022-08-24

  

  ICH-induced striatal lesion produced a reduction of EAAT1 expression analogous to the decreased glutamate uptake at 6 h. The combined reduction of excitatory amino simvastatin zocor synthesis transporters and of glutamate uptake activity might explain the well-known glutamate excitotoxicity followin

• k j and d were then submitted

  2022-08-24

  

  15k, 15j and 14d, were then submitted to metabolic stability studies in human and mouse liver microsomes and permeability test with Caco-2 cells (Table 7). 15k, 15j and 14d all retained excellent permeability (Papp value greater than 15.2 × 10−6 cm/s) and displayed modestly improved metabolic stabil

• br Materials animals and methods br

  2022-08-24

  

  Materials, animals and methods Results Discussion This study presents mice with a missense point mutation in R258 of FFAR1 that has functional consequences. Firstly, in islets of Ffar1R258W/R258W mice, both the physiological agonist palmitate and the synthetic agonist TUG-469 were unable to

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Postmenopausal osteoporos

  2022-08-23

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Postmenopausal osteoporosis, which is primarily caused by beta-lactamase deficiency, has been a worldwide health problem and threatens postmenopausal women of all races. An estimated 80% of osteoporosis patients in the United States are women, and approximately 30%

• The usefulness of GIP R antagonism for

  2022-08-23

  

  The usefulness of GIP-R antagonism for the treatment of obesity-diabetes has been revealed in numerous studies employing knockout or chemical blockade of GIP-R signalling.*88, 89, *90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, *97 For example, sub-chronic daily administration of (Pro3)GIP to ob/ob mice results in si

• br The bile acid farnesoid X receptor

  2022-08-23

  

  The “bile acid” farnesoid X receptor (FXR) The Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor belonging to the Nuclear Receptor superfamily of transcription factors exploiting various crucial functions in mammalian physiology, including reproduction, development and metabolism

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