• br The Farnesoid X receptor FXR identification

  2022-07-12

  

  The Farnesoid X receptor (FXR): identification and ligands The Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) belongs to a family of proteins called Nuclear Receptors (NRs). NRs are a class of ligand-activated transcription factors, which transactivate networks of target genes, thereby mediating a wide range of phys

• br Introduction The brain contains abundant fatty acids whic

  2022-07-12

  

  Introduction The brain contains abundant fatty acids, which serve as constituents of membranes and as an energy source. In addition, fatty acids and their metabolites contribute to signal transduction between neurons or neurons and glial cells, suggesting that fatty acids play a crucial role in d

• The presence of FBP in

  2022-07-12

  

  The presence of FBP2 in nuclei seems to accompany the cells' potential to divide as it has been shown that during differentiation of the satellite cells (myogenic progenitor cells) the amount of nuclear FBP2 decreases and in differentiated myotubes, the localisation of FBP2 is restricted to cytoplas

• Here we showed that microinjection of siRNA at

  2022-07-12

  

  Here we showed that microinjection of siRNA at the MII stage efficiently reduced endogenous EZH2 mRNA and protein. Although the percentage of cleaving embryos was not affected, AGI-6780 formation and blastocyst cell number were both reduced in EZH2 knockdown groups (Table 1). Similar results have b

• Within a live organism cells need

  2022-07-12

  

  Within a live organism, cells need to transfer information to each other. Exocytosis is one of the critical mechanism which releases variety of ligands into the extracellular space. When cells export material via exocytosis, they first pack into vesicles, then cause the vesicles to tether at the pla

• One limitation of our study was that all control dogs

  2022-07-12

  

  One limitation of our study was that all control dogs had histologic evidence of mild GI inflammation according to established WSAVA guidelines (Washabau et al., 2010), despite being apparently healthy purpose-bred research dogs housed in a controlled environment with no history of vomiting, diarrhe

• Previous studies have shown that HER

  2022-07-12

  

  Previous studies have shown that HER2 is also involved in IL-6 expression and signaling. IL-6, HER2, and GP130, the beta-subunit of the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), are physically associated and co-immunoprecipitate in response to IL-6 stimulation [1]. IL-6 induced HER2 clustering to the GP130 complex, le

• br HO and cerebral malaria In a post mortem

  2022-07-12

  

  HO-1 and cerebral malaria In a post-mortem evaluation of human cerebral (falciparum) malaria, strong HO-1 immunostaining was consistently noted in microglia/macrophages within and surrounding the pathognomonic Durck’s granulomas (Schluesener et al., 2001). As witnessed in cerebral trauma specimen

• Our study expands our current knowledge of Ras like small

  2022-07-12

  

  Our study expands our current knowledge of Ras-like small GTPase molecules involved in TLR-mediated responses in macrophages. We found that steady-state levels of Rap2a mRNA and protein undergo alterations after stimuli with TLR agonists. Although statistically significant, the effect of LPS-induced

• Acute in vivo experiments were performed in normoglycemic SV

  2022-07-12

  

  Acute in vivo experiments were performed in normoglycemic 129SVE mice to confirm GPR119 activation and corresponding GW9662 control. GIP release was utilized as a biomarker for target receptor engagement and plasma GIP levels were measured 45min after oral dosing (). Both 3 and 10mg/kg produced an

• br Introduction Methylglyoxal MG is a highly reactive

  2022-07-11

  

  Introduction Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive dicarbonyl metabolite formed in cells mainly by the spontaneous degradation of triose phosphates, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (Rabbani and Thornalley, 2012). It exists in a wide range of organisms, including proto

• br Acknowledgements This work was

  2022-07-11

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants from la Ligue Nationale Française Contre le Cancer « Equipe LNCC 2016 » and Electricité de France RB 2016-17 (to M.S.), NU ORAU (http://www.nu.edu.kz) and Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, program 0115RK03029 (to B

• corticosterone To maintain low Glu concentrations

  2022-07-11

  

  To maintain low Glu concentrations in the synaptic cleft below the affinity of its receptors, this amino corticosterone is rapidly removed from the extracellular space by a family of sodium-dependent high-affinity transport systems located mainly in the plasma membrane of perisynaptic astrocytes, a

• Analysis of genomic neighborhoods has helped

  2022-07-11

  

  Analysis of genomic neighborhoods has helped resolve questions concerning the orthology of receptors for peptides similar to glucagon (Ng et al., 2010, Irwin and Prentice, 2011, Wang et al., 2012, Hwang et al., 2013). Using a diverse array of species with available genome sequence (see Fig. 4) the g

• Data were collected using a Powerlab and Chart software

  2022-07-11

  

  Data were collected using a Powerlab and Chart 5 software (ADInstruments, Bella Vista, NSW, Australia) and were analysed using GraphPad Prism 5 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA). Responses to ghrelin receptor agonists in phenylephrine, methoxamine, endothelin-1, U46619 and 60mM [K+] contracted vess

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