• Excessive extracellular glutamate may induce excitotoxic

  2021-10-01

  

  Excessive extracellular glutamate may induce excitotoxic neuronal damage in disorders of the CNS (Schwartz et al., 2003). EAATs are considered to contribute to prevention of excitotoxicity by glutamate uptake. Our data revealed that expression levels of membrane EAAT proteins in astrocytes are much

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Defective

  2021-10-01

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Defective regulation and inappropriate activation of the HH signaling pathway is implicated in many cancers. SMO targeting inhibitors were the first to enter clinical trials, however complications with acquired resistance and toxicity, also exemplifi

• NO has been shown to be necessary

  2021-10-01

  

  NO has been shown to be necessary for long-term potentiation (LTP) of GABAergic neurons in the amygdala (Lange et al., 2012), the hippocampus (Zhuo et al., 1993), the ventral tegmental area (VTA) (Nugent et al., 2009), and the spinal cord (Fenselau et al., 2011). NO is also known to increase GABA re

• The extensive worldwide research efforts in the decade follo

  2021-10-01

  

  The extensive worldwide research efforts in the decade following FFA1 de-orphaning aimed at developing clinically useful FFA1 agonists were nearly halted after Takeda’s first-in-class agent fasiglifam (TAK-875) was discontinued in phase III of human trials. On the date of submission of this manuscri

• An important example of a frame is the lattice

  2021-09-30

  

  An important example of a frame is the lattice of open subsets of any topological space X. The correspondence is clearly functorial (by taking inverse images), and consequently one has a contravariant functor with the category of topological spaces and continuous maps as domain category. The functor

• Similarly towards the acylsulfamoyl benzoxaboroles the boron

  2021-09-30

  

  Similarly, towards the 5-acylsulfamoyl benzoxaboroles, the boronate intermediate was prepared according to , while the boronate , an intermediate towards 4-acylsulfamoyl benzoxaboroles, was prepared according to . The sulfonamides and used in the synthesis were made from the starting sulfonyl chlori

• br Acknowledgments We thank Dr Kathleen Sullivan of

  2021-09-30

  

  Acknowledgments We thank Dr Kathleen Sullivan of Merck Research Laboratories for providing the CHO-K1 ZCL278 expressing an NFAT-β-lactamase reporter and the Gα subunit Gqi5, Dr. Chen Liaw (Arena Pharmaceutical), Ms. Rebecca Kaplan, Mr. Frank Xiaodong Gan for technical assistance, Dr. Andrew Howa

• Foreign polypeptide antigens can be incorporated into VLPs t

  2021-09-30

  

  Foreign polypeptide antigens can be incorporated into VLPs to create “chimeric” structures, either as fusions to either end of the VLP capsid (coat) protein (CP) or as additions to well-presented loops [18]. This kind of direct fusion to the coat is usually good for small peptides, however, larger p

• br Author contributions br Conflict of interests br

  2021-09-29

  

  Author contributions Conflict of interests Acknowledgements This work was supported by NIH grant DK098730 to NHM. Free fatty acids play important roles in biological processes contributing to both health and disease. As essential nutritional components, free fatty acids are utilized as b

• To validate that our natural experiment operates

  2021-09-29

  

  To validate that our natural experiment operates primarily through a large negative shock to the risk-taking incentives provided by option compensation measured by vega, we do two sets of tests. First, we confirm a significant drop in vega after the adoption of FAS 123R for treated firms relative to

• Financial nonfinancial disclosures The authors have reported

  2021-09-29

  

  Financial/nonfinancial disclosures: The authors have reported to CHEST the following: M. J. A. has received investigator-initiated grants from Pfizer and Boehringer Ingelheim for unrelated research. None declared (X. D., S. C. D., G. B., N. T. W., J. L. P., J. H., B. E., A. J. L., J. A. B., C. S., C

• br Mutagenesis and Receptor Modeling Studies br Signal Trans

  2021-09-29

  

  Mutagenesis and Receptor-Modeling Studies Signal Transduction and Receptor Desensitization Therapeutic Potential of HCA Receptor Ligands Although all members of the HCA receptor family are potentially interesting drug targets, only HCA2 is currently exploited as such. Therefore, this sectio

• br Activity dependent control of myelination and myelin

  2021-09-29

  

  Activity-dependent control of myelination and myelin maintenance Oligodendrocytes have intrinsic myelinating capacity and can myelinate fixed tyrosine kinase receptor in addition to synthetic nanofibers and micropillars [21, 34, 35]. What prevents oligodendrocytes from myelinating dendrites or o

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2021-09-29

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion In this study, we demonstrated that zaprinast (a cGMP-PDE inhibitor) induced the intracellular calcium mobilization in the 99026 synthesis coexpressing GPR35 and Gqi5, Gqo5, or Gα16. Induction of intracellular calcium mobilization by zaprinast in th

• br Introduction Cell surface receptors

  2021-09-29

  

  Introduction Cell surface receptors are central to the interaction of cells with their surroundings and play an important role in determining functional responses. These receptors are integral membrane proteins responsible for the binding of extracellular signaling molecules and transduction into

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